COMMUNICATION USING A NETWORK tutorial

   COMMUNICATION USING A NETWORK

Data communication:- Transmission of information between two computers or nodes.

                     Basic Computers

1.Sender  2.Receiver 3.Medium  4.Message 5.Protocol

SIGNALING TECHNIQUES - 1

• Two tyes of signaling techniques,

1. BASEBAND
2. BROADBAND

                 BASEBAND SIGNALS

Uses signale frequency to transmit data.

• Transmit information in digital form.

SIGNALING TECHNIQUE - 2

                 BROADBAND SIGNALS

• Data is transmitted using more than one frequency.
• Uses analog signal.
• Adds additional information to carrier signals by proces of modulation.

Network interface card (NIC)

• Hardware device used to connct different computers on network.
• Serves as a link for sending and receiving data on a netok.
• MAC address is address assigned by IEEE to identify network card.

                            Types of NIC

       There are two types of NIC.

1. Ethernet card
2. Token ring card

            ETHRENET CARD

• Used in devices which are conncted using ETHERNET technology.
• Two types of ETHERNET network card - wired nd wireless.
• The choice depends on type of network card.

Types of ETHERNET CARD - 1

1. 10Base-5 (thicknet) NIC
2. 10Base-2

Types of ETHERNET CARD - 2

1. 10BaseT
2. Fiber - optic

          TOKEN RING CARD

• Used to connect to a TOKEN RING network.
• Assigned a MAC address by IEEE.
• Maximum of two TOKEN RING CARD can be installed at any node.
• Consists of 9 pin DIN type connector which onnects card to network cable.

Light on NIC and HUB

• Different LEDs on NIC

1. Link LED
2. ACT LED
3. Speed LED
4. Collision LED

• LED on HUB

1. Power LED
2. Port LED

                MAC address

• Also known as hardware or physical address.
• Used to identify nodes at lower levels of the OSI model.
• ID assigned by IEEE.
• Hardware address hard-coded into NIC.
• Nodes on network identified by MAC address.
• Is a 12-digits hexadecimal number (48-bits address).

                    MAC vs IP address

MAC address                           IP address

1.Function at data link layer.1.Function at network late.

2.It is a physical address.     2.It is logical address.

3.It is fixed.                   3.It changes with the relocation

                                          of device from one network to

                                               another.

4.It is a 48-bits address.      4.It is a 32-bits address.

Tone generators and Probe - 1

• Tone generator is a network troubleshooting tool.
• Consists of signale or multi-Tone signale, to test leads and a 4-conductor modular cable.
• Acts like radio transmitter.
• PROBE:-

1. Works like a radio receiver.
2. Catches a tone when placed near wire.