INTRODUCTION TO CCNA tutorial

INTRODUCTION TO CCNA

The CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate) certification title has become the leading entry level certification in computer networking field available today. The CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate) certification was developed by Cisco to test a candidate's knowledge of networking at entry level. The CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate) certification analyzes the candidate's ability to install, configure, operate, and troubleshoot medium-size routed and switched networks.

The CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate) certification is recognized by IT employers when considering a fresher's profile for a vacancy or for a salary hike/promotion for experienced employees. The CCNA (Cisco Certified Network Associate) exam covers a broad range of networking concepts to prepare candidates for the technologies they are likely to work with in today’s network environments.

New version of CCNA examinations (Exam Number 200-301 CCNA Routing and Switching) is available from February 24, 2020.

New CCNA exam – 200-301

Cisco certification program has been drastically changed from Feb. 24, 2020. There are no longer multiple different CCNA exams and certifications – only a single, comprehensive exam is available. The new exam’s code is 200-301 CCNA and its full name is Implementing and Administering Cisco Networking Technologies. According to Cisco, the new exam “covers a broad range of fundamentals based on the latest technologies, software development skills, and job roles“.

Under the old CCNA certification program, there were multiple concentration exams for different learning paths. However, under the new rules, the following certifications have all been replaced by the new CCNA:

• CCNA Cloud
• CCNA Collaboration
• CCNA Data Center
• CCNA Industrial
• CCNA Routing and Switching
• CCNA Security
• CCNA Service Provider
• CCNA Wireless
• CCDA (Cisco Certified Design Associate)

So, the specialization at the CCNA level is going away – you now choose your specialization at the CCNP level.

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Some important questions in computer networking

Some important questions

Q1. What do you mean by Network? …

A network consists of two or more computers that are linked in order to share resources (such as printers and CDs), exchange files, or allow electronic communications.

Q2. What do you mean by Node? …

A node is a basic unit of data structures. Any system or device connected to a network is also called nodes.

Q3. What do you mean by Network Topology?

A network topology is the arrangement of nodes -- usually switches, routers, or software switch/router features -- and connections in a network, often represented as a graph.

Q4. What is Routers? …

A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks.

Q5. What is the OSI model? …

OSI Model. OSI stands for Open System Interconnection is a reference model that describes how information from a software application in one computer moves through a physical medium to the software application in another computer.

Q6. Explain the Different layers of the OSI model?

1. Physical layer:- The physical layer is the first layer of the Open System Interconnection Model (OSI Model). The physical layer deals with bit-level transmission between different devices and supports electrical or mechanical interfaces connecting to the physical medium for synchronized communication.

2. Data link layer:- Data Link Layer. ... It makes sure the appropriate physical protocol is assigned to the data. The data link layer is the second layer in the OSI Model. The three main functions of the data link layer are to deal with transmission errors, regulate the flow of data, and provide a well-defined interface to the network layer.

3. Network layer:- The network Layer controls the operation of the subnet. The main aim of this layer is to deliver packets from source to destination across multiple links (networks).

4. Transport layer:- The network Layer controls the operation of the subnet. The main aim of this layer is to deliver packets from source to destination across multiple links (networks).

5. Session layer:- the session layer is the fifth layer, which controls the connections between multiple computers. ... This layer establishes, controls and ends the sessions between local and remote applications.

6. Presentation layer:- The presentation layer is layer 6 of the 7-layer Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model. It is used to present data to the application layer (layer 7) in an accurate, well-defined and standardized format. The presentation layer is sometimes called the syntax layer.

7. Application layer:- The application layer is a layer in the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) seven-layer model and in the TCP/IP protocol suite. It consists of protocols that focus on process-to-process communication across an IP network and provides a firm communication interface and end-user services.

Q7. Describe Hub, Switch and Router?

Hub:- hub is the most basic networking device that connects multiple computers or other network devices together.

Switch:- A network switch (also called switching hub, bridging hub, officially MAC bridge) is networking hardware that connects devices on a computer network by using packet switching to receive and forward data to the destination device.

Router:- A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks. Routers perform the traffic directing functions on the Internet.

                

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